October 9, 2023
The hardness of water is usually defined by the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions per litre of water, measured in milligrams per litre (mg/L) or parts per million (ppm). When water percolates through soil and rock that has high amounts of calcium and magnesium minerals, it dissolves these minerals and forms hard water. As a result, hard water is common in areas with limestone or chalk geology.
The causes of hard water can also be attributed to the chemical composition of water sources. An increase in the concentration of calcium and magnesium is more likely in groundwater sources than in surface water sources. Hard water is also more prevalent in areas of the country where there is more groundwater and less surface water.
Additionally, the mineral content of water can be impacted by human activities, particularly water treatment processes. For instance, water treatment facilities that use calcium and magnesium to treat water can lead to increased hardness of water. Other human activities that could potentially lead to increased hardness of water include run-off from contaminated soils and agricultural practices, regional acid rain, and other pollution sources.
Mineral build-up on fixtures and equipment
One of the most common problems associated with hard water is the mineral build-up on fixtures and equipment. Hard water contains dissolved minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and iron, which can accumulate in pipes, faucets, and other plumbing systems over time. This accumulation of mineral deposits can lead to inefficient performance of fixtures and equipment, resulting in higher energy costs.
Decreased efficiency of equipment, such as boilers and cooling towers
When hard water is used in equipment such as boilers and cooling towers, the formation of scale or deposits on walls can reduce efficiency. These deposits are formed when calcium and magnesium ions react with soap and other detergents to form a sticky, insoluble material that attaches itself to surfaces. The build-up of this scale reduces the heat transfer capacity.
Increased energy costs
The mineral build-up on fixtures and equipment caused by hard water can also lead to increased energy costs. When the flow of water is restricted because of mineral deposits, more energy is required to pump it through plumbing lines, thus leading to higher utility bills. Additionally, the formation of scale on boilers and cooling towers reduces their efficiency, which leads to
Need for increased maintenance and repairs
The effects of hard water will result in the need for increased maintenance and repairs. The build-up of mineral deposits in pipes and fixtures can lead to corrosion and blockages, resulting in decreased performance, higher energy costs, and an overall decrease in efficiency. Additionally, metal parts such as valves, pumps, and other equipment may corrode due to the presence of hard water and require regular maintenance and repairs.
Impact on production and overall business operations
The build-up of mineral deposits on fixtures, equipment, and piping can reduce the efficiency of production processes, leading to increased costs. Additionally, the need for increased maintenance and repairs due to corrosion and blockages caused by hard water can lead to delays in production.
Water softening technologies, including ion exchange and reverse osmosis
One of the best ways to mitigate the effects of hard water is by implementing technologies that can soften or remove minerals from the water supply. Two common methods used for this are ion exchange and reverse osmosis. Ion exchange involves softening hard water by exchanging calcium, magnesium, and other minerals for sodium ions in a process called “cation”
Benefits of utilising water softening technologies
Utilising water softening technologies can provide several benefits to commercial and industrial properties. By removing mineral deposits from the water supply, these systems can reduce the need for increased maintenance and repairs due to corrosion and blockages. Additionally, they can help improve the efficiency of fixtures and equipment, leading to lower energy costs.
Considerations when implementing water softening technologies
When considering implementing water softening technologies, there are several important factors to consider. First, it is important to understand the type of hard water present and how it might be affecting operations. Additionally, water softening systems can require significant upfront investments, so it is important to weigh the costs and benefits before making any decisions. Finally, depending on the size and complexity of the system, installation may require professional help. By taking the time to understand your water needs and researching the best system for your commercial or industrial property, you can ensure that you are making a well-informed decision.
In conclusion, hard water is a real threat to commercial and industrial properties, particularly those that use water extensively in their daily operations. While it may seem like a minor issue at first, the negative effects of hard water can cause significant financial and production damage in the long run. It is, therefore, vital for property managers to incorporate water quality management in their systems and strategies by investing in water treatment technologies.
